The damaged pipe fittings in the piping system are generally replaced by a new pipe fitting by means of flange connection. It is not recommended to use hot air or extrusion welding for repair. For underwater piping systems, in order to complete the repair of the underwater pipe, the end of the pipe must be raised above the water surface, then a flange support ring is welded, and then the pipe is placed back in the underwater position and screwed under water. In addition, in some specific places, heat shrinkable sleeves or electrofusion repair pipe fittings can be used to repair a pipe puncture or leakage point. There are many types of shrinkage sleeves, and the inner side of the sleeve is coated with a special sealant. When heated, The sealant is mechanically forced into the puncture or joint to prevent larger leaks.
